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PROTSESSY TRANSFORMATSII SKOTOVODCHESKOGO KHOZIAISTVA V TUVE I ZABAIKALIE NA RUBEZHE XX-XXI VV. [THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF PASTORAL ECONOMY IN TUVA AND ZABAIKALIE REGION AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH-21ST CENTURIES]
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PROTSESSY TRANSFORMATSII SKOTOVODCHESKOGO KHOZIAISTVA V TUVE I ZABAIKALIE NA RUBEZHE XX-XXI VV. [THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF PASTORAL ECONOMY IN TUVA AND ZABAIKALIE REGION AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH-21ST CENTURIES]
Annotation
PII
S0869-54150000392-4-1
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
 
Edition
Issue 2
Pages
8-27
Abstract
The article discusses the present state of pastoralism in two areas of Siberia (Tuva and Aga Author: Buryats) in comparison with currents transformations among other nomads in the Central and Inner Asia. After the collapse of the USSR, privatization, rise of prices for energy resources, and the shrinking of land under crops led to the degradation of merino sheep breeding. Kolkhozes were mostly divided into individual farms (households). By the mid-1990s, infrastructure (electricity, pump wells, etc.) in many areas ceased to function. Many pastoralists were forced to abandon the seasonal movement due to the absence of artificial water sources. This resulted in the growth of pressure on resources, even though the total number of animals decreased. Presently, the crisis has slowed down, the pressure on pastures has reduced, and grasslands are gradually restored; yet, there is no evident progress and natural forms of economy are still dominant. A similar situation is observed in other post-Soviet states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, etc...
Keywords
Nomadism, cattle breeding, modernization, Tuvans, Buryats, Mongols
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